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With so much focus on children's use of screens, it's easy for parents to forget about their own screen use.
對孩子使用電子設備給予太多的關注，很容易讓父母忘記自己使用電子設備。
"Tech is designed to really suck on you in," says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play,
“發展科技的目的就是為了讓你沉浸其中”，詹妮·拉德斯基在她的數字產品研究中宣稱，
"and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement.
“生產數字產品是為了讓你對其更癡迷。
It makes it hard to disengage, and leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine."
這很難讓人不沉浸其中，也會導致家庭日常受到重大影響?！?/div>
Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise.
拉德斯基通過媽媽—孩子食物測試實驗，研究了手機和平板電腦的使用。
She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise
她發現，在實驗期間使用電子設備的母親與孩子
started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverbal interactions with their children.
進行的語言交流減少了20%，進行的非語言交流減少了39%。
During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family.
在一次獨立的觀察中，她發現手機成了家庭緊張氛圍的根源。
Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention.
父母當時可能正在查看他們的電子郵件，而孩子們可能正在努力地想要獲得他們的注意。
Infants are wired to look at parents' faces to try to understand their world,
嬰幼兒會自然的觀察父母的表情以試圖理解他們的世界，
and if those faces are blank and unresponsive—as they often are when absorbed in a device—it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children.
如果他們面無表情、毫無回應——他們沉浸于電子設備時經常如此——這會讓孩子們極其不安。
Radesky cites the "still face experiment" devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s.
拉德斯基引用了發展心理學家埃德·特洛尼克20世紀70年代做的“靜止臉實驗”。
In it, a mother is asked to interact with her child in a normal way
在該實驗中，一位媽媽被要求與她的孩子以正常的方式互動，
before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback;
之后，要求她面無表情并且不能做出視覺上的、社交性的回應。
The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mother's attention.
結果，這個孩子試圖吸引媽媽的注意力，同時變得越來越痛苦。
"Parents don't have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance
拉德斯基說，“父母不必一直都出現，但是出現和不出現之間需要平衡，
and parents need to be responsive and sensitive to a child's verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need," says Radesky.
父母需要對孩子情感需求的語言或非語言的表達要敏感，且對此做出回應”。
On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids' use of screens
另一方面，特羅尼克本身也擔憂，對于孩子使用電子設備
are born out of an "oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be interacting" with their children:
的擔憂來自于“壓迫性的意識形態，其要求父母應該經常與孩子互動”：
"It's based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology
它所基于的意識形態有點兒理想化，極其符合白人和中上層階級的觀念，
that says if you're failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them."
這一意識形態認為如果你未能讓孩子接觸到3萬個詞匯，你就是忽略了他們。
Tronick believes that just because a child isn't learning from the screen doesn't mean there's no value to it,
特羅尼克之所以這么看，根本原因在于，孩子沒有從屏幕中上學到東西并不意味著它就毫無價值，
particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child.
尤其是當它能讓父母有時間沖個淋浴、做些家務或只是暫時離開孩子休息一下的時候。
Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way.
他說，父母使用自己的電子設備可以得到很多東西，這樣跟朋友聊天就有話可聊或者完成一些工作。
This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available to their child the rest of the time.
這會讓父母更加開心，也更可能讓父母用剩下的時間陪伴孩子。
